PostgreSQL 이중화를 위한 DB yum으로 설치하기

포스팅의 목적은 PostgreSQL 데이터베이스 이중화 구성을 하려는 과정으로 PostgreSQL DB 설치 과정부터 순서대로 진행합니다.

따라서 본 포스팅은 첫번째로 PosgreSQL DB의 설치 과정을 내용을 담고 있습니다.

 

PostgreSQL은 라이선스가 무료이기 때문에 요즘 기업에서도 많이 사용되고 있습니다.

 

본 테스트 환경은 아래와 같습니다.

OS : Red Hat Linux 7.x

PostgreSQL version : 10

이중화 구성은 Active-Standby 로 구성합니다.

 

1. 설치 이미지 다운로드

먼저 설치를 위해서 이미지를 다운로드 합니다.

https://www.postgresql.org/download/

에서 설치 이미지를 다운로드 해 주세요.

다운로드 홈페이지는 자주 변경되니 아래 사진과 동일하지 않을 수 있습니다.

 

Linux를 선택하면 아래 리눅스 종류 들이 보입니다. 선택해 주세요.

 

위에서 Red Hat을 선택하면 아래의 화면으로 이동하는데 설치 버전 및 설치된 OS 에 대한 내용인 1, 2, 3을 선택하면 4번에 설치하는 스크립트(명령어)를 보여줍니다.

 

위에서 "copy script"를 하여 메모장등에 저장해 놓으세요.

 

2. 설치할 OS 환경 설정

 - hostname 설정하기

   서버명이 hosts 파일에 설정이 안되어 있으면 설정해 주세요.

   이중화이므로 2대를 설정해 줍니다.  

    sudo vi /etc/hosts 로 서버명과 IP를 설정 합니다.

 

아래는 예제 입니다. 각각 구성해 주세요.

# Primary(Active) Server

192.168.137.101 postgres1    postgres1.itmsg.co.kr

 

# Secondary (Standby) Server

192.168.137.102 postgres2    postgres2.itmsg.co.kr

 

 - SELinux 해제

각 서버에서 다음과 같이 하여 SELinux를 해제해 주세요.

# sudo vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled # reboot

 

3. PostgreSQL DB 설치하기

 

이제 설치할 준비가 되었으니 이전에 복사해 둔 스크립트를 이용하여 설치합니다.

 

3.1 RPM 레파지토리 설치

 

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

 

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm                                                                       | 5.8 kB  00:00:00

Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-XcgV4p/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm: pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-5.noarch

Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-XcgV4p/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm to be installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch 0:42.0-5 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

file:///run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml"

Trying other mirror.

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

=====================================================================================================

 Package            Arch             Version             Repository                    Size

=====================================================================================================

Installing:

 pgdg-redhat-repo  noarch             42.0-5    /pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch         7.5 k

 

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================================

Install  1 Package

 

Total size: 7.5 k

Installed size: 7.5 k

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.

  Installing : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-5.noarch                                                                               1/1

file:///run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/ba86625b825e4bea5f6ab2b3e83c2cb076087507815be7e35da6d8bf697829dd-productid.gz: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/ba86625b825e4bea5f6ab2b3e83c2cb076087507815be7e35da6d8bf697829dd-productid.gz"

Trying other mirror.

  Verifying  : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-5.noarch                                                                               1/1

 

Installed:

  pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch 0:42.0-5

 

Complete!

 

3.2 PostgreSQL 설치

sudo yum install -y postgresql10-server

 

[sudo] user1의 암호:

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

file:///run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml"

Trying other mirror.

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package postgresql10-server.x86_64 0:10.11-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

=====================================================================================================

 Package                     Arch           Version                  Repository               Size

=====================================================================================================

Installing:

 postgresql10-server        x86_64     10.11-1PGDG.rhel7             pgdg10                  4.5 M

 

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================================

Install  1 Package

 

Total download size: 4.5 M

Installed size: 18 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

postgresql10-server-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                                         | 4.5 MB  00:00:03

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

  Installing : postgresql10-server-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                              1/1

file:///run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/ba86625b825e4bea5f6ab2b3e83c2cb076087507815be7e35da6d8bf697829dd-productid.gz: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/ba86625b825e4bea5f6ab2b3e83c2cb076087507815be7e35da6d8bf697829dd-productid.gz"

Trying other mirror.

  Verifying  : postgresql10-server-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                              1/1

 

Installed:

  postgresql10-server.x86_64 0:10.11-1PGDG.rhel7

 

Complete!

 

3.3 DB 초기화, 서비스 등록, PostgreSQL 기동

이 항목은 선택 사항입니다. 하지만 편한 기능이므로 해 주시는 것이 좋습니다.

아래 명령어들을 실행해 주세요.

/usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb

systemctl enable postgresql-10

systemctl start postgresql-10

 

3.4 client 설치

스크립트에는 없지만 client도 설치 합니다.

sudo yum install postgresql10

 

[sudo] user1의 암호:

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

pgdg10                                                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00   pgdg11                                                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00   pgdg12                                                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00   pgdg94                                                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00   pgdg95                                                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00   pgdg96                                                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00

file:///run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml"

Trying other mirror.

(1/12): pgdg12/7Server/x86_64/group_gz                                      |  245 B  00:00:01

(2/12): pgdg11/7Server/x86_64/group_gz                                      |  245 B  00:00:01

(3/12): pgdg10/7Server/x86_64/group_gz                                      |  245 B  00:00:01

(4/12): pgdg94/7Server/x86_64/group_gz                                      |  247 B  00:00:00

(5/12): pgdg95/7Server/x86_64/group_gz                                      |  249 B  00:00:00

(6/12): pgdg12/7Server/x86_64/primary_db                                    | 127 kB  00:00:01

(7/12): pgdg96/7Server/x86_64/group_gz                                      |  249 B  00:00:00

(8/12): pgdg94/7Server/x86_64/primary_db                                    | 384 kB  00:00:01

(9/12): pgdg10/7Server/x86_64/primary_db                                    | 396 kB  00:00:03

(10/12): pgdg11/7Server/x86_64/primary_db                                   | 351 kB  00:00:03

(11/12): pgdg96/7Server/x86_64/primary_db                                   | 404 kB  00:00:00

(12/12): pgdg95/7Server/x86_64/primary_db                                   | 394 kB  00:00:01

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package postgresql10.x86_64 0:10.11-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: postgresql10-libs(x86-64) = 10.11-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql10-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql10-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package postgresql10-libs.x86_64 0:10.11-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

=====================================================================================================

 Package                Arch            Version                      Repository               Size

=====================================================================================================

Installing:

 postgresql10           x86_64       10.11-1PGDG.rhel7                pgdg10                  1.6 M

Installing for dependencies:

 postgresql10-libs      x86_64       10.11-1PGDG.rhel7                 pgdg10                  356 k

 

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================================

Install  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

 

Total download size: 1.9 M

Installed size: 9.7 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

경고: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/pgdg10/packages/postgresql10-libs-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY

Public key for postgresql10-libs-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed

(1/2): postgresql10-libs-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                            | 356 kB  00:00:02

(2/2): postgresql10-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                 | 1.6 MB  00:00:02

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                                                           772 kB/s | 1.9 MB  00:00:02

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG

Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:

 Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsqlrpms-hackers@pgfoundry.org>"

 Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8

 Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-5.noarch (installed)

 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

  Installing : postgresql10-libs-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                               1/2

  Installing : postgresql10-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                    2/2

file:///run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/ba86625b825e4bea5f6ab2b3e83c2cb076087507815be7e35da6d8bf697829dd-productid.gz: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/root/RHEL-7.6%20Server.x86_64/repodata/ba86625b825e4bea5f6ab2b3e83c2cb076087507815be7e35da6d8bf697829dd-productid.gz"

Trying other mirror.

  Verifying  : postgresql10-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                     1/2

  Verifying  : postgresql10-libs-10.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                2/2

 

Installed:

  postgresql10.x86_64 0:10.11-1PGDG.rhel7

 

Dependency Installed:

  postgresql10-libs.x86_64 0:10.11-1PGDG.rhel7

 

Complete!

 

이중화 구성을 위한 PostgreSQL DB 를 설치하는 과정 입니다.

내용이 길어져서 다음 포스팅에서 이중화 구성을 하는 내용과 장애 발생시 복구하는 failback에 대한 내용을 다룹니다.